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It is only in celebrating our strengths as well as acknowledging our faults that we can hope to survive as a nation.
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in the wake of the race riot in Springfield, Ill., in 1908, and the creation of 5,000 Rosenwald Schools for Black children across the Jim Crow South - these are inspiring stories of Americans drawing strength and courage from one another. The Underground Railroad, an example of cooperation across lines of race and gender, the founding of the N.A.A.C.P. We must also share stories that show the resilience and fortitude of Black Americans and the occasions when, working together, Americans of different races have achieved remarkable results. The effort to learn and teach a fuller version of American history must include, as Tom Hanks so eloquently wrote, the ghastly results of racism and hostility evident in Tulsa in 1921 and in far too many places. The writer is professor emeritus of history at Shippensburg University. It’s up to school districts, teachers and professors to ensure that the events in the textbooks get the attention they deserve in the classroom. Another is that historians have updated our picture of the American past, so people should not judge what is in today’s textbooks based on what they remember from decades ago. One point to be gleaned here is that the Tulsa massacre, while the deadliest example, was, unfortunately, far from unique. “The American People,” from 1986, does not discuss Tulsa, but has an excellent discussion of the horrific 1919 Chicago riot, touched off by the deliberate drowning of a Black swimmer who ventured into a supposedly “white” section of Lake Michigan. Hanks should know that many widely circulated textbooks written since he and I were in high school and college in the 1970s do, in fact, cover these events.Īmong high school textbooks, for example, “American Odyssey,” first published in 1991, has a substantive section on “Racial Unrest” during and after World War I, focusing on the 1917 attacks on Black people in Washington, D.C., but also referring to similar events in the early 1920s in Tulsa, Knoxville and Omaha. Having taught American history, first in high school and then in college, for over three decades, I agree with Tom Hanks that schools should teach about the 1921 Tulsa massacre and related episodes of white violence. Re “ We Should All Learn About Tulsa,” by Tom Hanks (Sunday Review, June 6):